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空射高超声速飞行器相较于基于地面、海上等平台的发射方式，具备有灵活性高、响应快、机动性强等优势，逐渐成为世界各大航空航天强国关注的重要领域。总结了空射高超声速飞行器以及相关技术的研究现状，概述并评估了助推-巡航式以及助推-滑翔式两种类型空射高超声速飞行器的研究现状，分析了机弹分离、轨迹优化、智能化制导控制、智能轨迹优化、多机协同规划技术。助推-巡航式技术难度较低、故障率较低、适配载机种类较多，但机动性较差、射程较近；助推-滑翔式技术难度较高、故障率较高、适配载机较少，但机动性强、射程远。未来研究将更加注重智能化、小型化、多样化、多用途化设计。
Abstract：Compared with ground-based, sea-based, and other platform-based launch methods, airlaunched hypersonic vehicles(ALHVs) exhibit advantages such as high flexibility, rapid response, and strong maneuverability, and have gradually become an important research field of concern to major aerospace powers worldwide. The research status of ALHVs and related technologies is summarized, and the research progress of two types of ALHVs—boost-cruise and boost-glide configurations—is outlined and evaluated. Key technologies, including aircraft-missile separation, trajectory optimization, intelligent guidance and control, intelligent trajectory optimization, and multi-aircraft cooperative planning are analyzed. The boost-cruise configuration is featured by lower technical difficulty, lower failure rate, and better compatibility with various carrier aircraft, but with weaker maneuverability and shorter range. In contrast, the boost-glide configuration is characterized by higher technical difficulty, higher failure rate, and limited compatibility with carrier aircraft, but offers strong maneuverability and long range. Greater emphasis will be placed on the design of intelligence, miniaturization, diversification, and multi-purpose in future research.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16338/j.issn.2097-0714.20250071
中图分类号:V22;V42
引用信息:
[1]李子豪,陶奕轩,黄伟.空射高超声速飞行器研究现状与发展[J].空天技术,2026,No.470(02):1-18.DOI:10.16338/j.issn.2097-0714.20250071.
基金信息:
航空科学基金项目(20220014079001)
2026-04-15
2026-04-15